{"id":978,"date":"2025-05-17T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-17T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/izabelin.org\/?p=978"},"modified":"2026-02-21T23:19:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T20:19:43","slug":"%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%b1%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%b4%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/?p=978","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0451\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0437\u0456. 1796 \u0433. \u2013 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u045e \u041c\u0456\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0446\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0456: \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0447\u044b\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0430, 3 \u0434\u0432. 12 \u043c\u0443\u0436. \u0456 16 \u0436\u0430\u043d. \u0456 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0437 1 \u0434\u0432. \u0412\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044d\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0430. 1811 \u0433. \u2013 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0451\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0437\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043e\u045e \u0430\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1820 \u0433. \u2013 10 \u0436., \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0446\u044c \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430. 1834 \u0433. \u2013 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0447\u044b\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437 17 \u043c\u0443\u0436. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043e\u045e \u0430\u0434 \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430. 1845 \u0433. \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0432\u0451\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u044b \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044c\u044f\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0430 \u042d\u0439\u0441\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a \u0456 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447. \u0417 1861 \u0433. \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u045e \u041c\u0456\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0446\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0446\u044c, \u0422\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0446\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u044f\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. 1863 \u0433. \u2013 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0446\u0430 \u0437 3 \u0434\u0432. 1890 \u0433. \u2013 69 \u0434\u0437\u0435\u0441. 1905 \u0433. \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0451\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0433\u0430 \u042d\u0439\u0441\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0437 132 \u0434\u0437\u0435\u0441. 1905 \u0433. \u2013 28 \u0436. 1914 \u0433. \u2013 \u0441\u044f\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435 \u0432.\u0422\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0446\u044b-\u0406\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043d, 2 \u0434\u0432., 7 \u043c\u0443\u0436. \u0456 9 \u0436\u0430\u043d. \u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u045e \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u042d\u0439\u0441\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443. \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0456 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a \u0431\u044b\u045e \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0456: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u0436\u044b\u045e \u0443 \u0441\u044f\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0431\u0435 (4 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044f), \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u045e \u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u042d\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u045e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u045e \u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043c.\u0423 1914 \u0433. 9 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u045e, 40 \u0436\u044b\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u045e. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0437 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a \u043c\u0435\u045e 200 \u0433\u0430. 1920-1939 \u0433.\u0433. \u2013 \u0443 \u0433\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0406\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043d. 1921 \u0433. \u2013 3 \u0434\u0432., 18 \u0436.&nbsp;<em>\u041d\u0430 01.01.2004 \u0433. 38 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u045e, 120 \u0436\u044b\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u045e. \u0401\u0441\u0446\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0456\u043d, \u0424\u0410\u041f, \u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431, \u0431\u0456\u0431\u043b\u0456\u044f\u0442\u044d\u043a\u0430<\/em>&nbsp;<em>[\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0446\u044c. \u0412\u0430\u045e\u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u0440\u0430\u0451\u043d].<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0412\u0451\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u0434\u0437\u0456. 1796 \u0433. \u2013 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u045e \u041c\u0456\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0446\u043a\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0456: \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0447\u044b\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0430, 3 \u0434\u0432. 12 \u043c\u0443\u0436.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[33],"class_list":["post-978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-100","tag-33"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":979,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions\/979"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}