{"id":2589,"date":"2026-01-05T17:56:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T14:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/?p=2589"},"modified":"2026-02-21T22:40:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T19:40:42","slug":"%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%b4-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bf%d1%8b%d0%b7%d0%b0-witold-karpyza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/?p=2589","title":{"rendered":"\u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0437\u0430 (Witold Karpyza)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0437\u0430? \u0421\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0443\u0442, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d, \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412. \u0421\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-668x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-668x1024.png 668w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-196x300.png 196w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-768x1178.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-100x153.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-380x583.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1-800x1227.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-1.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0437\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a-\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433 (\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0432 \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e 27 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433. \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 300 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434: Witold Karpyza. Ziemia Wo\u0142kowyska. L\u0119bork: 2005\u20132009 (\u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u041b\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a, 2005\u20132009 \u0433\u0433.) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437. \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437. \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u00ab\u041c\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0440\u044b\u044f\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0430 \u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0456 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u0430\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u045e \u043f\u0430\u045e\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430-\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0446\u044b \u0412\u0430\u045e\u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00bb (\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0440\u043e\u0446\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d-\u0442\u0430) \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430<br>\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u044c, \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0443, \u0418\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-3-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0437\u0430\u00a0\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f\u00a028 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1913 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u0432\u00a0\u0417\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0445\u00a0\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u00a01930 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0432\u00a0\u0421\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u00a0\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 III \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u00a0\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0438.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-4-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-5-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-18-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-6-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1939 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u0420\u043e\u0441\u044c\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u00a01940 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u00a0\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u0413\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0430 <strong>\u041a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b<\/strong>(1), \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0432 <strong>\u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0443<\/strong>(2). \u0412 \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0420\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0412\u00a01944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0441 \u041c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-15-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-14-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-13-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-19-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-20-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-21-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-22-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-23-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-27-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-28-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b \u0432\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0437\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u00a01950 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044f \u0432\u00a01970 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 <strong>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449<\/strong>(5). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-32-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-9-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-10-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u00a0\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0421\u041f\u0425, \u0432\u00a01947-1948 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u041e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c <strong>\u0421\u041f\u0425<\/strong>(3). \u0412\u00a01948 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b <strong>\u041f\u0422\u041a\u041e<\/strong>(4) \u00a0\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412\u00a01973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 37 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044e. \u0411\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-29-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-11-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-8-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_______<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;<strong>\u041a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u043f\u043e\u043b.&nbsp;<em>kresy<\/em>) \u2014 \u041e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>2.&nbsp;<strong>\u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u043f\u043e\u043b.&nbsp;<em>Armia Krajowa<\/em>) \u2014 \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b (1939-45). \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00bb, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e 1 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1939 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u0410\u041a \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>3.&nbsp;<strong>\u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432,<\/strong><strong>\u0421\u041f\u0425<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u043f\u043e\u043b.&nbsp;<em>Zwi\u0105zek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP<\/em>) \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\/\u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441 1918 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0440\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u00ab\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u2014 \u0440\u044b\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>4.&nbsp;<strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u041f\u0422\u041a\u041e<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze, PTTK<\/em>) \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 1950 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1906 \u0433.) \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1873 \u0433.), \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>5.&nbsp;<strong>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449, \u041e\u041a\u0423<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Zespo\u0142 Szk\u00f3\u0142 Gastronomicznych, ZSG<\/em>) \u2014 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u043e \u0412\u0440\u043e\u0446\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435, \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0427\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-12-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-16-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-25-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-26-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-200x150.png 200w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-380x285.png 380w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-1160x870.png 1160w, https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-30-scaled.png 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-31-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izabelin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Witiold-Karpyza-31-1024x768.png 1024w, 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